Rainwater harvesting (RWH) provides a sustainable and decentralized solution to water scarcity, a pressing issue in India because of its dependence on monsoon rainfall and increasing demand for water. This paper explores the socioeconomic and environmental benefits of RWH across urban and rural settings in India, highlighting its potential to increase water security, support agricultural productivity, and contribute to ecosystem stability. By analyzing different RWH systems, from rooftop collection in urban areas to pond-based harvesting in rural regions, this study presents adaptable models suited to India’s diverse climatic and geographic conditions. Case studies from Chennai, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and the Himalayan region demonstrate how RWH has been successfully implemented to address local water needs and mitigate the impacts of droughts and groundwater depletion. Policy recommendations emphasize the importance of financial incentives, regulatory integration, community participation, and public?private partnerships to encourage the widespread adoption of RWH. Additionally, future research directions are proposed, with a focus on technological advancements, long-term socioeconomic impacts, and the behavioral factors influencing RWH adoption. This paper underscores the potential of RWH to serve as a cornerstone of India’s sustainable water management strategy, supporting resilience against climate change and contributing to socioeconomic stability.
Keywords: Rainwater harvesting, water scarcity, sustainable water management, India, urban water security, rural resilience, groundwater recharge, climate adaptation, socioeconomic benefits, environmental impact.
