Efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain is a central standard of performance in an enterprise. Efficiency tests the work ratio of the company and the method incorporates common practices that optimize the resources available and effectiveness assesses the ability of an organization to attain its determined targets. Well-constructed supply chains increase profitability, promote productivity, and reduce running costs. Although it is a difficult challenge to determine the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain and it is also important that decision-makers make better choices about improving the supply chain. In this article, we measure the effectiveness and efficiency of supply chain using a traditional DEA-CCR (Charnes Cooper-Rhodes) model and helps to achieve the base to make the right and effective decisions through evaluating effectiveness. The research also shows the Importance of Supply Chain performance indicators that helps to determine the input and output factors that play a major role in determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the supply chain. Through analyzing Key Performance Indicators, the study reveals how to define the slack in the supply chain utilizing the Return to Scale concept of the CCR. Through evaluating the findings of an observational analysis of 10 Indian firms in the manufacturing sectors, the Study demonstrates an interconnected solution to the supply chain. The findings confirm our underlying process of strong financial efficiency for effective supply chains.

In the current scenario, it is difficult to manipulate the nature of the power system which makes the system unstable. Therefore, real time monitoring is needed for checking out the possible outcomes of the failure in the power system. Hence Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) proves to be perfect device as its gaining importance for its wide area application in real time which will be beneficial from both these aspect i.e reduction of contingencies and improving security system. This paper focuses on the various optimal placement techniques of PMU, discuss about the voltage stability and shows some of the real time applications of PMU.

Soil stabilization is one of the best methods for improving index properties, physical properties like shear strength, bearing capacity etc. of the soil. For soil stabilization various admixture such as cement, lime, fly ash, gypsum etc. can be used. But these admixtures are costly so their uses for soil stabilization are limited. In some research it is found that utilization of waste material like plastic, bamboo etc. are quite helpful in stabilization of soil. In present world there is scarcity of good soil which makes construction process difficult. So to enhance the properties of soil so that it can be used for various constructions there is need to add the suitable admixture in soil. These admixtures should enhance properties of soil and also be economical.

The foundation is very important for any structure and it has to be strong enough to support the entire structure. For foundation to be strong the soil around it plays a very important role. A review paper is presented here to focus on soil reinforcement by using shredded waste plastic products. The tests such as liquid limit, plastic limit, standard proctor compaction test, California bearing ratio (CBR) test and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) have been conducted to check the improvement in the properties of problematic soil.