Asparagus racemosus Willd. locally known as “Kurilo” or “Shatavari” is one of the most important medicinal plants of Nepal under threat. In order to conserve this species, in vitro bud induction can be one of the promising and rapid methods without any genetic degradation. We observed different kinds of buds in vitro and maximum number was recorded to be 11.666±6.009 when the node explants were cultured on NAA 0.1+ BAP 2.0 mg/l. In general, low concentration of auxin preferably IBA or NAA and relatively higher concentration of cytokinin mainly BAP in combinations were found to be more effective in bud induction. These buds germinated in vitro producing normal roots and shoots.Asparagus racemosus Willd. locally known as “Kurilo” or “Shatavari” is one of the most important medicinal plants of Nepal under threat. In order to conserve this species, in vitro bud induction can be one of the promising and rapid methods without any genetic degradation. We observed different kinds of buds in vitro and maximum number was recorded to be 11.666±6.009 when the node explants were cultured on NAA 0.1+ BAP 2.0 mg/l. In general, low concentration of auxin preferably IBA or NAA and relatively higher concentration of cytokinin mainly BAP in combinations were found to be more effective in bud induction. These buds germinated in vitro producing normal roots and shoots.

The main aim of this research is to understand the effects of consumer promotional schemes towards the purchase decision of microwave ovens among women of Raipur at e-zone. The required information is collected through questionnaire from the women who are/were using microwave ovens. Here information related to the response of women towards various consumer promotional schemes for microwave ovens is been collected.

Remote Sensing is a powerful tool for calculating surface soil moisture even on a large scale. Evaluating surface soil moisture is an essential activity for the determination of plant and crop growth in agriculture. Setting soil moisture for water resource management and land-surface atmosphere interaction is extensively useful by using Geographic Information Science (GISc) and Remote Sensing (RS). Assimilation and evaluation of surface soil moisture in Pakistan is the main aim of this research for year the 2016, 2017 and 2018. In association with soil moisture Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) index was also calculated for year 2018. This research study also shows the climatic impact on vegetation and soil moisture temporally. For the analysis radiometric data was captured of Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Ease Grid for surface soil moisture. From analysis it has been observed that soil moisture change has shown distinctive results. 2016 has decreased moisture in surface soil, 2017 analysis shows increase in soil moisture while 2018 has again decrease in soil surface moisture in Pakistan. Analysis shows that there was decrease in moisture of surface soil in the year 2016, on the other hand, there was significant increase in soil moisture followed by once again decrease in soil moisture in the year 2018.

The environment is extremely variable, since temperature, pH and osmolarity change rapidly and alter morphogenetic pathway of bacteria. In addition the supply of nutrients usually undergoes drastic fluctuations. Those conditions cause defects/alteration on sporulation and germination of these spores by creating changes in genetic makeup. The work being discussed here address sporulation and germination of Bacillus spores, isolated from polluted and saline areas (soils, plants). Initially 20 spore forming bacterial strains were isolated All the germination defective spore forming strains belonged to family Bacillacea.